茭白黑粉菌对紫红曲霉部分代谢产物的影响

茭白黑粉菌(Ustilago esculentaHenn)与紫红曲霉(Monascus purpureusWent)共同培养,测定培养物中洛伐他汀、橘霉素、色价的含量。结果表明,在第8 d添加茭白黑粉菌的效果较好。当接种量为2 mL,孢子浓度3.42×108个/mL,洛伐他汀、橘霉素的含量比对照提高203%、274%,但色价却下降24%。形态观察发现,HF菌抑制红曲霉菌丝分支和子囊孢子的形成并导致菌丝的空泡增多。     

序贯共培养体系对小鼠早期胚胎体外发育效果的影响

将体外分离培养经超排处理的新西兰大白兔输卵管上皮及子宫内膜细胞接种于4孔板培养。处理1以CZB为培养液;处理2以CZB加输卵管上皮细胞为培养体系;处理3以CZB加子宫内膜细胞为培养体系;处理4以CZB为培养液,胚胎培养的前24h在输卵管上皮细胞共培养体系中,之后则转入子宫内膜细胞共培养体系中培养(处理4为序贯共培养体系)。将2-细胞期小鼠胚胎随机分配给4个处理,统计各处理组小鼠胚胎的各期发育率及发育质量。结果表明,序贯共培养体系胚胎的囊胚体外发育率显著高于其他共培养组(P<0.05);囊胚孵化率及孵化囊胚的贴附率显著高于其他共培养组(P<0.05);囊胚细胞总数各共培养组显著高于单独培养液组(P<0.05)。可见序贯共培养体系较单一体细胞共培养体系能更好地模拟体内环境,提高早期胚胎的发育率和发育质量。     

Transwell contact co-culture promotes growth and differentiation of single-dissociated iPSCs

AIM：To investigate the promoting role of Transwell contact co-culture system in the growth and differentiation of single-dissociated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). METHODS：Bovine corneal endothelial cells (CECs) at passage 1~2 (P1~2) were seeded on the underside of Transwell inserts placed into culture plates and were cultured in 37 ℃ and 5% CO2 for 8 h. Accutase digestion and 40 μm filter process disaggregated colony-aggregated iPSCs into single-dissociated iPSCs, and the cells were seeded on the inside of Transwell inserts with CECs in medium of mTeSR1 for 3 d and then in low-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS for 2 weeks. The characteristics and differentiation markers were evaluated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence staining, live & dead cell staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. The group of iPSCs cultured in conventional medium was used as control group 1. The group of single-dissociated iPSCs co-cultured with CECs was set as experimental group, while single-dissociated iPSCs without co-culture were as control group 2. RESULTS：The bovine CECs showed typical hexagonal cobblestone shape. iPSCs showed colony-like growth, while became single-dissociated cells after Transwell contact co-culture with bovine CECs for 3 d. The single-dissociated iPSCs positively expressed the undifferentiated markers, Nanog and Oct4. The mRNA expression levels of Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 between experimental group and control group 1 were both positive and had no statistical significance difference (P>0.05). The dead cells in experimental group decreased significantly, and there was statistically significant difference compared to control group 2 (P<0.01). After 14 d of induced differentiation co-culture, the single-dissociated iPSCs showed rather uniform polygonal morphology, increased dimension and no obvious colony existence. Negative ALP staining, positive immunofluorescence staining for ZO-1, AQP1 and CD31, and negative for CD34 and CD133 were also observed. The results of qPCR showed that the mRNA expression of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 significantly decreased, and had statistically significant difference compared with control group 1 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：When co-cultured with bovine CECs, iPSCs morphologically changed to endothelial-like cells and expressed some markers of CECs. Transwell contact co-culture system not only enhances the growth of single-dissociated iPSCs, but also promotes their differentiation.     

Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice-Duck and Rice-Fish Complex Ecosystems and the Evaluation of Their Economic Significance

Rice-duck （RD） and rice-fish （RF） ecological systems are major complex planting and breeding models of rice paddy fields in southern China. Studying the methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O） emissions and their economic value from these two ecosystems can provide theoretical and practical basis for further development and utilization of these classical agricultural techniques. CH4 and N2O emissions from RD and RF ecological systems were measured in situ by using static chambers technique. Using global warming potentials （GWPs）, we assessed the greenhouse effect of CH4 and N2O and their economic value. Results showed that the peaks of CH4 emission fluxes from RD and RF appeared at full tillering stage and at heading stage, and the average emission fluxes were significantly （P〈 0.05） lower than that from CK. N2O fluxes remained low when the field is flooded and high after draining the water. Compared with CK, the total amount of N2O emissions was significantly （P〈0.05） higher and slightly lower than those from RD and RF, respectively. In 2006 and 2007, the total greenhouse effect of CH4 and N20 from RD and RF were 4 728.3 and 4 611 kg CO2 ha^-1, 4 545 and 4 754.3 kg CO2 ha^-1, respectively. The costs of greenhouse effect were 970.89 and 946.81 RMB yuan ha^-1, and 933.25 and 976.23 RMB yuan ha^-1, respectively, which were significant lower than those from CK （5 997.6 and 5 391.5 RMB yuan ha^-1）. Except for the environment cost of CH4 and N2O, the economic benefits from RD and RF were 2 210.64 and 4 881.92 RMB yuan ha^-1; 3 798.37 and 5 310.64 RMB yuan ha^-1, respectively, higher than those from CK. Therefore, RD and RF complex ecological planting and breeding models can effectively decrease and control CH4 and N2O emissions, and they are two of the effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gases from rice paddy fields and contribute in alleviating global warming. Thus, their adoption is important to the environment together with their economy benefits.     

Optimization of culture conditions for improved plant regeneration efficiency from wheat microspore culture

The production of haploid plants through microspore culture is a very important tool for plant breeding. However, progress in microspore culture for many species has been hampered by a number of factors that have resulted in low recovery of regenerated green plants. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to increase the regeneration of haploid green plants from isolated wheat microspores. The use of different basal media and variations in media components resulted in the increased recovery (approximately double) of regenerated haploid wheat plants. Our findings demonstrate that CHB medium, in combination with 2,4-d, was a better medium for embryoids induction and plant regeneration than medium MC17 with either 2,4-d or PAA growth hormones. Wheat microspores cultured without ovary co-cultivation did not respond. Furthermore, high efficiency of microspore derived embryoids (up to 296 MDEs per 100 anthers) and green plant regeneration (up to 71 green plants per 100 anthers) were achieved by the use of gelrite instead of agarose as a gelling agent, and by the addition of media additives such as spent medium or MET.     

Histological Study on in vitro Co-cultivation of the Myocardium Tissue and Cells with Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

The histological observation was experimentally conducted on in vitro cultured mouse embryonic myocardium cells and myocardiumoid cell mass. The mouse embryo tissue were cultured and regular pulsatile myocardiumoid tissue could be found. During in vitro culture, the myofllament bundles in the cell were gradually increasing andstrongly connectted each other with embryonic age and there were loose muscle fibers initially and intercalated discs were close to each other. The lose myofllament bundles were developed in muscle fibers with age and the distance between intercalated discs was enlarged. There were myofilamentoid structure in inactive cells and filament peripherily.     

丁酸盐降解菌和氢营养菌共培养物的研究(英文)

采用亨盖特厌氧技术,对处理屠宰和柠檬酸废水的两个实验室厌氧消化器中丁酸降解菌和氢营养菌进行了研究。观察到两个消化器中的丁酸盐降解菌的组成相同。丁酸盐转化为甲烷的过程由四种细菌共同完成。其中包括一种降解丁酸盐的产氢产乙酸细菌和一种利用乙酸盐的产甲烷菌及两种形态完全不同的利用H_2～CO_2的产甲烷菌。对分离到的一株丁酸降解菌SAl菌株的鉴定表明该阴应属沃而夫氏互营单胞菌(Syntrophomonas wolfei)。     

西洋参与胡萝卜愈伤组织共培养基质的研究

采用试验优化设计和计算机分析技术,对西洋参(Panax quinquefolium)和胡萝卜(Daucus carota)2种植物愈伤组织共培养的培养基和培养条件进行了研究。结果表明:在培养基MS 2,4-D 1.67 mg/L IAA 0.98 mg/L ZT 0.47 mg/L(蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂8 g/L)上,西洋参和胡萝卜2种愈伤组织生长率分别达到0.271 g/(g.d)和0.137 g/(g.d)。适宜的培养条件为(24±1)℃,光照强度1 700 lx,12 h光暗交替。在此培养基和培养条件下,2种植物愈伤组织可以进行共培养。     

输卵管上皮细胞共培养促进小鼠早期胚胎发育机理的探索

为研究输卵管上皮细胞对小鼠早期胚胎发育质量及胚胎对共培养细胞活力和基因转录量的影响,探索输卵管上皮细胞共培养促进小鼠早期胚胎发育的机理,建立纯化的小鼠输卵管上皮细胞系并对合子进行共培养,用DCHFDA测定胚胎内部的H2 O2含量,以MTT法测定输卵管上皮细胞活力,用RT-PCR检测CAT及GPX的转录状况.结果表明:1)共培养能够提高2-细胞早期、4-细胞期胚胎发育率(0.951 3％ VS 0.903 3％,0.857 6％ VS0.700 5％,P＜0.05)和囊胚发育率(0.537 9％ VS 0.573 3％,P＞0.05);2)2-细胞早期胚胎内部的H2 O2含量显著降低(0.047 9 VS 0.068 2,P＜0.05);3)Ⅰ和Ⅱ型阻滞胚胎的比例降低(0.158 3％ VS 0.192 6％,0.213 3％ VS0.433 9％,P＞0.05),Ⅲ型阻滞胚胎的比例提高(0.621 6％ VS 0.373 3％,P＜0.05);4)共培养细胞活性上升(0.216 7 VS0.195 7,P＞0.05);5)CAT及GPX的转录量增加(1.202 0 VS0.984 9,1.310 1 VS 0.998 3,P＞0.05).结果显示输卵管上皮细胞共培养通过增强自身的抗氧化能力,利用细胞-细胞间的相互作用降低胚胎细胞内部的活性氧,提高胚胎质量,促进胚胎发育.     

黄河口盐碱地区稻蟹种养模式下河蟹适宜放养密度的初探

为了探索盐碱地稻蟹种养中河蟹适宜的放养密度，在黄河口盐碱地进行为期180天的稻蟹共作试验（雌蟹：雄蟹=1：1），研究了不同放养密度（1.5 inds/m2、0.75 inds/m2和0.38 inds/m2，分别记为D150，D075，D038组）对河蟹生长和养殖性能、可食组织系数、生化组成、生理代谢、饵料贡献和经济效益的影响。结果显示：（1）随着养殖密度的降低，河蟹的增重率、特定生长率和成活率显著升高，而产量和饵料系数显著降低（P < 0.05）。（2）各密度组的河蟹可食组织系数和总可食率无显著差异。（3）随着养殖密度降低，雌、雄蟹肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著降低，而雌蟹的肝胰腺总脂肪含量显著增加（P < 0.05）。（4）就生理指标而言，雌蟹肝胰腺中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活力随养殖密度降低而显著升高，而血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）含量呈显著下降趋势；类似地，雄蟹肝胰腺中ALP活力在D038组最高（P < 0.05），而肝胰腺中MDA含量和血清中T-AOC显著降低，在D038组最低（P < 0.05）。（5）不同放养密度下河蟹的第一食物来源均为饲料（39.39 % ～ 52.33 %），且随养殖密度的降低，食源中饲料占比呈上升趋势，而食源种本底蟹占比呈下降趋势。（6）各组的部分总收入和部分总利润无显著差异，D038组的投资回报率显著高于其他密度组。综上所述，虽高密度组获得最高的产量和收入，但低放养密度组的河蟹取得最佳的生长性能和健康状况，且利润和投资回报率最高。因此，在本实验条件下，黄河口盐碱地的稻蟹模式中河蟹适宜的放养密度为0.38inds/m2。